The verb have is used as a principal verb in all the modes and tenses, and then means to possess.

When have is used as an auxiliary verb, it drops its meaning of possession, and simply helps make various forms of other verbs.

The present tense of have is used in making the present perfect tenses of other verbs:

I have written.

Its past tense is used in making the past perfect tenses:

I had written.

Its future tense helps form the future perfect tenses:

I shall have written.

Its present infinitive helps form the perfect infinitive, as, to have written.

Its present participle helps form the perfect participles, as, having written.

NOTE. The pronoun you will be used in the second person singular in the conjugation of the verbs that follow instead of thou, in accordance with modern usage.

Х

3. They did.

CAUTION. The third person singular of the present tense of do is does. In shortening this into the negative, use doesn't. Don't is the negative of do not.

Do is used as a principal verb in all the voices, modes, and tenses.

As an auxiliary do is used with the present tense of other verbs.

1. To make an emphatic form in the present and past tenses :

I do study.

I did study.

SUBJUNCTIVE MODE.

(Usually follows if, though, lest, that, etc.)

As all the tenses are formed regularly, the first person singular only is given for each tense.

と

NOTE.

The conjugation of the potential mode of the verb be is here given for the benefit of those who prefer to use this form.

In the same way conjugate can be and must be.

In the same way conjugate can have been and must have