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former being made to correspond to the latter, and when litfering from that required by the preceding rules, forming exceptions to them.

Exclamatory phrases or sentences generally close with the falling inflection; as,

"How much have cost us the evils that have never happened!" Jefferson.

"Onward in faith, and leave the rest to Heaven!"

When expressing tender emotion, surprise, interrogation, the rising inflection may be used; as,

"'Tis but the falling of a withered leaf,

The breaking of a shell,

The rending of a veil'!"-Southey.

Sentences expressing tenderness, weakness, indecision, indifference, surprise, uncertainty, implied contrast, &c., close with the rising inflection.

Sentences expressing positive declaration, determination, command, sternness, reproach, defiance, astonishment, indignation, contempt, &c.—whether interrogatively, negatively, or affirmatively expressed, close with the falling inflection.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Affirmative Sentences.

"All high truth is the union of two contradictories.". Robertson.

"Our doubts are traitors,

And make us lose the good we oft might win,

By fearing to attempt." - Shakespeare.

"It is the greatest courage to be able to bear the imputation of the want of courage." - Henry Clay.

"Lowliness is the base of every virtue,

And he who goes the lowest builds the safest.".

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- Bailey.

"A life of prayer is a life whose litanies are ever fresh acts of self-devoting love." — Robertson.

"The beautiful exists only for the sublime essence that seeks it; the infinite exists only for the soul which desires it. If you could

endow the smallest insect with the sense of the beautiful and the infinite, this imperceptible atóm would comprehend eternity, and would see God, and this vision would render it immortal.”—L'Aimè Martin.

"Crime and punishment grows out of one stem. Punishment is a fruit that, unsuspected, ripens within the flower of the pleasure which concealed it."- Emerson.

"Divine justice upon the earth is always the fulfilling of a law: God has arranged all, so that from our actions should arise the penalties or the rewards which they deserve. Good reacts upon

good evil upon evil. The reaction may be more or less speedy, more or less visible; no matter, it exists; it is equal to the action, and if its effects sometimes escape our observation, it is not because the law is inactive, it is simply because the last scene of the drama takes place in the depths of the conscience, between man and his God." - L'Aimè Martin.

"Truly we are surrounded with voices. The sacredness and awful responsibilities of speech, the latent importance of idle words, consists in their ever-present existence. No sound that

goes from the lip into the air can ever die, even in a sensual sense, until the atmosphere which wraps our planet in its huge embrace has passed into nothingness. Words, then, have a being of their own; they exist after death, or rather they continue to exist after all memory of them has departed from the minds into which they originally entered."— E. P. Whipple.

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Every man, however good he may be, has a yet better man dwelling within him, which is properly himself, but to whom, nevertheless, he is often unfaithful. It is to the interior and less mutable being that we should attach ourselves, not to the changeable every-day man."- Von Humboldt.

"Trust men, and they will be true to you; treat them greatly, and they will show themselves great though they make an axception in your favor to all their rules of trade."- Emerson.

Negative Sentences.

"It is not so far as a man doubts, but so far as he believes, that he can achieve or perfect anything.

All things are possible to him

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"A man cannot speak but he judges himself. With his will, or against his will, he draws his portrait to the eye of his companions by every word. Every opinion reacts on him who utters it.". Emerson.

"The mind which does not converse with itself, is an idle wanderer: and all the learning in the world is fruitless and misemployed, whilst in the midst of his boasted knowledge, a man continues in profound ignorance of that, which in point both of duty and advantage, he is most concerned to know."-T. à Kempis.

"The danger to individuality, in reading, is not that we repeat an author's opinions or expressions, but that we be magnetized by his spirit to the extent of being drawn into his stronger life, and losing our particular being. Now, no man is benefited by being thus conquered. . . . Indeed, we can never fully realize and reverence a great nature, never grow through a reception of his spirit, unless we keep our individuality distinct from his."— E. P. Whipple.

"Truth itself will not profit us so long as she is but held in the hand, and taken upon trust from other men's minds, not wooed and won and wedded by our own."- Locke.

"I know

That nature ne'er deserts the wise and pure.

No plot so narrow, be but nature there,
No waste so vacant, but may well employ
Each faculty of sense, and keep the heart
Awake to love and beauty!"— Coleridge.

"No stream from its source

Flows seaward, how lonely soever its course,

But that some land is gladdened. No star ever rose
And set, without influence somewhere. Who knows
What earth needs from carth's lowest creature? No life
Can be pure in its purpose and strong in its strife
And all life not be purer and stronger thereby.
The spirits of just men made perfect on high,
The army of martyrs who stand by the Throne

And gaze into the Face that makes glorious their own,
Know this, surely, at last. Honest love, honest sorrow,
Honest work for the day, honest hope for the morrow,
Are these worth nothing more than the hand they make weary

The heart they have sadden'd, the life they leave dreary ?
Hush the sevenfold heavens to the voice of the spirit
Echo He that o'ercometh shall all things inherit."
Owen Meredith.

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Interrogative Sentences beginning with a Pronoun or Adverb.

"What is the abstraction of beauty or excellence worth, if it is not incorporated into your soul, incarnated in your life? It is worth as much as the gold of California was when hid deep in the mine, with the rock binding it, and the river flowing over it, and the forest towering above it, generation after generation passing by it, all unsuspected and vain. But, let the abstract idea be worked out and extended from its lurking-place through your conduct, and it will be like the ore and sand changed into the currency of the nation, bearing enormous business, and inestimable wealth, and endless comfort on the bosom of its boundless stream."— C. A. Bartol.

"What constitutes a State?

Not high-raised battlement or labored mound,
Thick wall or moated gate;

Not cities proud with spires and turrets crowned;
Not bays and broad-armed ports,

Where, laughing at the storm, rich navies ride;

Not starred and spangled courts,

Where low-browed baseness wafts perfume to pride.
No:- Men, high-minded men,

With powers as far above dull brutes endued

In forest, brake, or den,

As beasts excel cold rocks and brambles rude

Men who their duties know,

But know their rights, and, knowing, dare maintain."

Sir Wm. Jones.

"Why walk in darkness? Our true light yet shineth,

It is not night but day!

All healing and all peace His light enshrineth.

Why shun His loving ray?

Are night and shadows better, truer, dearer,

Than day, and joy, and love?

Do tremblings and misgivings bring us nearer

To the great God of love?

Light of the world! undimming and unsetting,
O, shine each mist away!

Banish the fear, the falsehood, and the fretting,
Be our unchanging day!"-II. Bonar.

Interrogative Sentences beginning with a Verb.

"Is there, then, no death for a word once spoken?
Was never a deed but left its token

Written on tables never broken?"- Whittier.

"Be of comfort! Thou art not alone if thou have Faith. Spake we not of a Communion of Saints, unseen, yet not unreal, accompanying and brother-like embracing thee, so thou be worthy? Their heroic sufferings rise up melodiously together to Heaven, out of all lands, and out of all times, as a sacred Miserere; their heroic actions also, as a boundless, everlasting Psalm of Triumph. Neither say that thou hast now no Symbol of the Godlike. Is not God's Universe a Symbol of the Godlike; is not Immensity a Temple; is not Man's History, and Men's History, a perpetual Evangel? Listen, and for organ-music thou wilt ever as of old, hear the Morning Stars sing together."-Carlyle.

"I slept and dreamed that Life was Beauty.

I woke and found that Life was Duty.
Was my dream then, a shadowy lie?
Toil on, sad heart, courageously;
And thou shalt find thy dream to be,
A noon-day light and truth to thee!"

Suspension of Sense.

"In general, every evil to which we do not succumb, is a benefactor. As the Sandwich Islander believes that the strength and valor of the enemy he kills passes into himself, so we gain the strength of the temptation we resist."- Emerson.

"Never was a sincere word utterly lost. Never a magnanimity fell to the ground, but there is some heart to greet and accept it unexpectedly."— Ibid.

"It has been finely said, 'What a glorious gift God bestows upon a nation when he gives them a poet!' It might be added, with a sadder truth, that, when the poet enters upon his mission of gladdening and purifying and spiritualizing the hearts of men, the

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