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suing year, U. C. 752: and hence, as we may observe by the way, is derived a strong objection to the opinion which places the death of Herod, U. C. 752; viz. that though by this year Lucius Cæsar would have been as much entitled to sit in judgment on his will, as his brother Caius, the latter only is actually spoken of as exercising that privilege. There is no doubt that as Lucius was entirely upon a par with his brother, both in the affections of Augustus, and in the rights and distinctions belonging to their community of rank, and their personal relation to the emperor; he would have been admitted to the exercise of this privilege as well as his brother, had his age entitled him to be so.

APPENDIX.

DISSERTATION VI.

On the date of the Marriage of Archelaus and Glaphyra. Vide Dissertation v. vol. i. page 281. last line.

A FACT, in the history of Archelaus, is mentioned by Josephus, to which sufficient attention has not been paid, in determining the year of his banishment --and consequently, of his father's death. And yet the fact is one which from its very nature may be implicitly relied upon as true; and it is as well adapted as any that could be advanced, for the disproof of the assertion of Dio in particular, that Archelaus was deposed and banished, U. C. 759.

The fact in question is this. After the death of Alexander, Archelaus' brother, his widow Glaphyra was married to Juba king of Lybia, or Mauritania ; and after the death of Juba, she was again married to Archelaus with whom, however, she had not been living long, when she had a remarkable dream, which was followed in two days' time by her death.

There can be no doubt that the Juba here mentioned was the second king of Mauritania of that name; a contemporary of Augustus Cæsar's, and better known to posterity for the number and variety of his accomplishments as a writer, than even for his noble birth and princely fortune. To modern times, however, nothing more of his has descended, than the mere titles of some of his many works, and a few fragments in the shape of quotations from others,

a Ant. Jud. xvii. xiii. 4. De Bello, ii. vii. 4.

which are too meagre and scanty to reward a collector, who should be at the trouble of bringing them together. Nor am I aware that among these references to his works, there are any on record, which would supply the necessary data for determining the year of his death. Philostratus quotes him ", as relating that he had caught an elephant, four hundred years after some battle-the time of which, however, is not specified and Basil of Cappadocia seems to refer to the same statement, where he observes, vûv de nen Tives ἱστοροῦσι καὶ τριακόσια ἔτη καὶ πλείω τούτων βιοῦν τὸν ἐλέφαντα *.

Repeated allusions occur in the Natural History of Pliny to a work of Juba's, upon Arabia, which he dedicated to Caius Cæsar; having composed it in consequence of Caius' expedition into Arabiad. Caius Cæsar was sent into the East, U. C, 753; and as his death happened in the month of February, U. C. 757, it is manifest that the time of the composition of this work

* In the Monumenta Historica, ad Augusti regnum pertinentia, (apud Orellium, Inscriptionum Latinarum amplissima Collectio) there is a fragment which is addressed to Juba by the duumviri, or municipal consuls, of some Colonia Romana, (which the learned editor considers to have been Carthage,) as the Patronus Coloniæ. In Festus Avienus' Ora Maritima, (Geographi Minores, iv. p. 18. 1. 269. sqq.) we have the following allusion to the fact of Juba's having been himself also sometime one of the duumviri of Tartessus in Spain.

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Tartessus prius | Cognominata est. multa ac opulens civitas | Ævo vetusto, nunc egena, nunc brevis, | Nunc destituta, nunc ruinarum agger est. | .

At vis in illis tanta, vel tantum decus, | Ætate prisca sub fide rerum fuit, Rex ut superbus, omniumque præpotens, Quos gens habebat forte tum Maurusia, | Octaviano principi acceptissimus, Et litterarum semper in studio Juba, | Interfluoque separatus æquore, | Illustriorem semet urbis istius | Duumviratu crederet

b Vita Apollonii Tyan. ii. 6. 70. B-D. Cf. Ælian, De Natura Animalium, ix. Operum i. 120. B. In Hexaëmeron Homilia ix. Vide also, Ambrose, Operum i. 125. E. Hexaëmeron vi. v. §. 34. Cf. however, Ælian, De Natura Animalium, xvii. 7. d H. N. ii. 67. vi. 31. 32. xii. 31. xxxii. 4.

could not be earlier than U. C. 754. nor later than U. C. 756. It follows, therefore, that Juba was not yet dead, between U. C. 754. and U. C. 756.

Accordingly it is evident from Dio Cassius, that Juba was actually alive when the Gætuli rebelled; the time of which rebellion he places U. C. 758. or 759 £. For they were reduced the same year in which Tiberius made his second expedition into Germany; viz. the year U. C. 759. The winter immediately subsequent to the reduction, which is just afterwards alluded to as spent in Pannonia, was the winter of U. C. 760: the next year being U. C. 761h. In these particulars, as to the time of the commencement of the Pannonian war, Velleius Paterculus agrees with Dio; as I have had occasion to prove more at large elsewhere.

The proconsul of Africa at the time of this reduction was Cossus Cornelius Lentulus. Now he had been consul U. C. 753. Hence, by a standing rule of Augustus' government, he could not be proconsul until five years afterwards, at the earliest: that is, until U. C. 758. And this also is an argument that the rebellion of the Gætuli, and consequently the death of Juba, who was alive at the time, could not be earlier than U. C. 758.

The extant coins of the kings of Mauritania from Juba the elder, to Ptolemy, the son and successor of Juba the younger, and which are principally those of Juba the younger himself; if the numeral notes which they contain are rightly understood of the years of his reign, make him to have reigned forty-eight years at least k. Pliny, H. N. v. 1: Juba, Ptolemæi pater, qui primus utrique Mauritaniæ imperavit : Tacitus, Ann. iv.5: Mauros Juba rex acceperat donum populi Romani.

e lv. 28. f Ibid. 25. tation viii. vol. i. 337.

g Ibid. 28, 29, 30. h Cf. lv. 30. 33.

i Disserk Eckhel, Doctrina Nummorum Vett. iv. 155-161.

Strabo1 makes his kingdom the gift of Augustus Cæsar. He tells us also that Bogus or Bocchus, king of Mauritania, having espoused the part of Antony, perished at Methone in the Messenian territory*, when Agrippa took that place after the battle of Actium. His territories thus became forfeited to Augustus, and might be given by him to Juba. Dio, liii. 26. 25, places this enlargement of his dominions, in what way soever it was made, U. C. 729: and he tells us, before, li. 15. 21, that Juba accompanied Augustus in his expedition against Egypt, U. C. 724, and after the death of Antony and Cleopatra was married by him to Cleopatra their daughter, as well as reinstated in possession of part of his father's dominions, which had become forfeited to the Roman government by Juba the elder's opposition to Julius Cæsar †.

Upon the authority of this testimony, Eckhel deduces the years of his reign from U. C. 724: on which supposition, if he reigned at least forty-eight years, he could not be dead before U. C. 771 or 772. But this learned and accurate writer seems to have overlooked in the present instance the passage from Josephus ; which places it beyond a doubt that Juba was not alive after U. C. 760, at the latest. And Josephus is strongly confirmed by the following fact; viz. that

* Cf. Porphyry, Пepì dπоxns ζώων, i. 25. p. 37·

To this marriage of Juba and Cleopatra, we may refer an extant epigram of Crinagoras, (a contemporary of the reign of Augustus, as his epigrams shew,) which would otherwise be involved in obscurity: Anthologia, ii. 132. xix.

Αγγουροι μεγάλαι κόσμου χθόνες, ἃς διὰ Νεῖλος | πιμπλάμενος μελά

νων τέμνει ἀπ' Αιθιόπων, | ἀμφότεραι βασιλῆας ἐκοινώσασθε γάμοι. σιν, | ἓν γένος Αἰγύπτου καὶ Λιβύης θέμεναι. | ἐκ πατέρων εἴη παισὶν πάλι τοῖσιν ἀνάκτων | ἔμπεδον ήπείροις σκῆπτρον ἐπ ̓ ἀμφοτέραις.

So likewise, a fragment of Elian's, in Suidas, voce "Aye

та.

Dio li. 21. will imply that this marriage was not earlier than U. C. 725. or 726.

1 xvii. 3. §. 7. 654. m viii. 4. §. 3. 160. Cf. xvii. 3. §. 7. 653.

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