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Jenkin, F., on swamping effects of
intercrossing, 398

Jenkinson, J. W., 268

Jenner, discovery of vaccination, 85
Jennings, H. S., 58, 61, 79, 173, 209
Johnson, R. H., 427

Jordan, D. S., 390; isolation and the
formation of species, 399
Jordan, E. O., 79
Jordan's law, 399

Juke family, 414, 415, 418, 424
Jurassic period, 354, 361, 362

Kallikak family, 415-418, 424
Kammerer, P., 323
Kant, I., 324
Karyokinesis, 34
Karyosome, 33
Katobolism, 4

Keeble, F., symbiosis of Convoluta, 238,
239, 254

Kellicott, W. E., 166

Kellogg, V. L., 390, 409

Kelvin, Lord, on origin of life, 78
Kepner, W. A., 54

Kidneys, 118, 125, 131, 132
King, H. D., 298

Kingsley, J. S., 147

Klebs, E., 88

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Lister, J., antiseptic surgery, 81, 82
Lithodidæ, evolution of, 343-346
Little, C. C., hereditary effect of X-ray,
311

Liver, of crayfish, 118, 119; of ver-
tebrates, 122, 125, 132; development
of, 161

Liver fluke, 243-245

Lizards, regeneration in, 255, 258; circu-
lation of, 352; distribution of, 387, 388
Loeb, J., 14, 268; on antagonistic action
of salts, 21; on artificial parthenogen-
esis, 201

Löffler, F., culture of diphtheria bacil-
lus, 88

Lombok, fauna of, 383, 384

Lombroso, C., on criminal man, 417
Loos, A., 248

Lull, R. S., 369, 391

Lungs, 126, 128-130; development of,
163

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Mammary glands, 9, 190, 208
Mammoth, 370

Marshall, A. M., 159-164, 166

Marshall, C. E., 79

Marshall, F. H. A., 209

Marsupials, 190, 378, 379, 382, 389, 390

Mastodon, 369, 370

Maternal impressions, 313, 314

Mather, C., on pestilences, 92, 93
Mathews, A. P., 27

Maturation, 151–155, 170
Maupas, E., 169, 171

Medullary folds, 160, 161, 259
Medullary groove, 160, 161, 259
Medullary rays, 97

Medusæ, 114, 188, 189, 210, 211, 259
Meliponinæ, social life of, 214, 215
Melospiza melodia, distribution of sub-
species, 400

Mendel, G. J., 270-273, 299
Mendel, L. B., 27

Mendel's law, 273-301, 313, 317

Merriam, C. H., on connecting links,
401

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Mosquitoes, 69, 70, 192, 204
Moths, sense of smell, 191, 192
Mucor, life cycle of, 177, 179
Muir, R., and Ritchie, J., 79

Mulattoes, heredity of skin color, 296
Multiple factors, 294-296

Muscle, 48, 49, 132, 133

Mutations, 280, 283, 402-405

Mutation theory, 403-405
Mycelium, 177

Mycorhiza, 241
Myelin, 49

Myxedema, cause and cure of, 143, 144

Nägeli, K., on orthogenesis, 409
Nasuti, use of, 226

Natural selection, 327, 328, 392-398,
401-409

Neanderthal man, 372, 373, 411
Nearactic region, 376-378

Needham, T., on spontaneous genera-
tion, 76

Nematocysts, 112, 113
Nematodes, 246-248

Neotoma fuscipes, subspecies of, 400, 401
Neotropical region, 376, 377, 390
Nephridia, 115, 130, 131

Nernst, W., on permeability of mem-
branes, 22, 23

Nerves, 49-52, 136-140, 258

Nerve cells, 49-51, 113, 114, 136-138,
140

Nervous system, 51, 113, 136–140, 146
Nettling cells, 112, 113
Newman, H. H., 147, 391
New Zealand, fauna of, 383
Nictitating membrane, 339, 340
Nilsson-Ehle, H., on multiple factors,
294

Nitrates, 74, 103, 104
Nitrites, 74, 103, 104
Nitrogen, 3, 18, 74, 103, 104

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 74, 104, 241
Nitrogen cycle, 103, 104
Notochord, 134, 161–163
Nucleolus, 29, 33, 35

Nucleus, 29-41; röle in heredity, 277,
288

Nuttall, G. H. F., on blood tests of
relationship, 347, 391

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Packard, A. S., 323

Pagurus, commensalism with anemones,
237; assymetry of, 346

Painter, T. S., chromosomes in man, 286
Palearctic region, 376-378

Paleontology, evidences for evolution
from, 352-374

Paleozoic period, 355-359

Pancreas, functions of, 119, 121, 144-
146; development of, 161

Pandorina, life cycle of, 68, 174-177
Pangenesis, 303, 304

Paramœcium, structure of, 63, 64;
fission, 64; conjugation in, 65, 169,
170, 172, 173

Parental care, evolution of, 202–209
Parker, G. H.,
147
Parker, T. J., 147

Parrots, social life of, 228, 229
Parthenogenesis, 176, 199-202
Pasteur, L., on diseases of silkworms,
68; on diseases of wine and beer, 72,
73; on spontaneous generation, 76,
77, 81; discovery of attenuated virus,
85; work on anthrax, 85, 92; dis-
covery of cure for hydrophobia, 85,
86

Payne, F., effects of disuse of eyes in
Drosophila, 307, 308

Pearl, R., 317, 323
Pearson, K., 317, 422

Peas, chromosomes of, 41; heredity in,
271-278, 291, 292

Pébrine, 68

Peckham, G. W., 198, 204, 218, 235
Pepsin, 121

Peptones, 121

Peritoneum, 115

Permian period, 359

Petals, 181-185
Phænotypes, 276, 277

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Sacculina, degeneracy in, 249, 250
Sage blossom, adaptations for cross-
fertilization, 185, 186, 306
Saint-Hilaire, G., 326
Saleeby, C. W., 427

Saliva, 120, 121, 185, 186

Salivary glands, 120

Sandwich Islands, fauna of, 388, 389,
399

Saprophytes, 73, 240
Scale bugs, 194, 251
Schæffer, A. A., 58, 59

Schelling, F. W. J., definition of life, 10
Schleiden, M. J., on the cell theory, 29,
55

Schultze, M., definition of a cell, 29
Schwann, Th., on cell theory, 29, 55;
on the egg as a cell, 30

Scott, W. D., 391

Scurvy, cause of, 20

Sea lions, breeding habits of, 196
Secretions, 116-122

Sedgwick, W. T., 147

Self-fertilization, effects of, 186-188

Semilunar fold, 339, 340
Sepals, 181-184

Seward, A. C., 410

Sex, evolution of, 168-202; meaning
of, 170-173; determination of, 284-
288

Sex-linked inheritance, 288-290
Sexual dimorphism, 141, 191–197
Sexual selection, 195-199

Sharks, 130

Sharp, D., 235

Sharp, L. W., 42
Shelford, V. E., 254
Sherrington, C. S., 147
Shull, A. F., 147
Sieve tubes, 96, 98
Silurian period, 357
Sims-Woodhead, G., 79
Siphonophores, 211, 212
Sladen, F. W. L., 235

Slavery in ants, 223, 224

Sleeping sickness, cause of, 67

Smeathman, H., on termites, 227, 233
Smith, G. E., 372, 373, 391
Smith, G., 347

Song sparrow, subspecies of, 400
Spallanzani, A., 76

Spencer, H., 14, 391, 393, 410; defini-

tion of life, 10; on regeneration, 265;
early advocacy of evolution, 326; on
morphological evidences for evolu-
tion, 337

Sperm cells, 30, 149, 152, 155, 156, 188,
189

Spermatocytes, 152
Spermatogenesis, 152, 153
Spermatogonia, 152

Spermatozoa, 30, 149, 152, 155, 156,
177

Sphærella, life history, 65-67

Sphenodon, 341, 383

Spiders, 189, 198, 199, 203, 205, 385
Spiracles, 129

Spireme, 34

Spirogyra, 174

Sponges, 123, 127, 133, 261

Spontaneous generation, 75-79

Sporangia, 178

Spores, 60, 66, 68-71, 73, 177-180, 182,
183

Sporophyte, 178-181, 183, 184

Sporozoa, 68-70, 168, 243, 250

Sprengel, C., on cross-fertilization, 185
Stamens, 181-186

Starch, 19, 95, 99-101, 120, 121

Starling, E. H., 146

Steapsin, 121

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Tachinidæ, parasitic habits of, 251
Tapeworms, 245-247

Tapirs, distribution of, 390
Tardigrada, 26

Tashiro, S., 52

Tasmanian tiger or wolf, 379
Taylor, C. V., iii

Teeth, 120; rudiments of, 352
Telegony, 312, 313
Teleology, 12, 13
Tendrils, 107, 108

Termites, habits of, 206, 225-228, 233
Tertiary era, 362, 364-370, 381, 382, 390
Tetanus, bacilli of, 73; serum for, 90, 92
Tetrabelodon, 369, 370

Tetramorium, habits of, 224

Texas fever, transmission of by ticks,
68, 250

Thalessa, parasitic habits of, 251, 252
Thompson, D. W., 269

Thomson, J. A., 14, 284, 323; on unity

of colonial animals, 212

Thyroid gland, 142-144

Thyroxin, 143

Ticks, relation to Texas fever, 68, 250;
to spotted fever, 250, 251

Tissue culture, 46, 47

Tissues, 43-54

Toads, 190, 193, 195, 386
Tongue, 120, 121

Torrey, H. B., iii

Torrey pine, distribution of, 389
Tortoises in the Galapagos, 387
Tower, W. L., 402, 409
Tracheæ, 129, 130

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